Improve Endurance Recovery and Reduce Fatigue
Shimomura, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Bajotto, G., et al. Nutraceutical effects of branched-chain amino acids on skeletal muscle. J Nutr., 136: 529S-532S, 2006.

Blomstrand, E.  A role for branched-chain amino acids in reducing central fatigue. J Nutr., 136(2): 544S-547S, 2006.

Zoeller, R.F., Stout, J.R., O’kroy, J.A., Torok, D.J., Mielke, M.  Effects of 28 days of beta-alanine and creatine monohydrate supplementation on aerobic power, ventilator and lactate thresholds, and time to exhaustion. Amino Acids, 33(3): 505-510, 2006.

Build Endurance Specific Muscle in Recovery
Boirie, Y., Dangin, M., Gachon, P., Vasson, M-P., Maubois, J-L., Beaufrere, B.  Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci., 94:14930-14935, 1997.

Levenhagen, D.K., Gresham, J.D., Carlson, M., G., et al.  Postexercise nutrient intake timing in humans is critical to recovery of leg glucose and protein homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab., 280: E982-E993, 2001.

Bohé, J., Low, A., Wolfe R.R., Rennie, M.J.  Human muscle protein synthesis is modulated by extracellular, not intramuscular amino acid availability: a dose-response study.  J Physiol., 552(1): 315-324, 2003.

Lemon P. Beyond the zone: Protein needs of active individuals.  J Am Col Nutr., 19(5): 513S-521S, 2000.

Rennie, M.J., Bohé, J., Smith, K., Wackerhage, H., Greenhaff, P.  Branched-Chain amino acids as fuels and anabolic signals in human muscle. J Nutr., 136:264S-268S, 2006.

Ohtani, M., Sugita, M., Maruyama, K.  Amino acid mixture improves training efficiency in athletes.  J Nutr., 136: 538S-543S, 2006.
Anthony, J.C., Anthony, T.G., Kimball, S.R., Jefferson, L.S.  Signaling pathways involved in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine.  J Nutr., 131: 856S-860S, 2001.

Strengthen the Immune System
Bassit, R.A., Sawada, L.A., Bacurau, R.F., Navarro, F., Costa Rosa, L.F. The effect of BCAA supplementation upon the immune response in triathletes.  Med Sci Sports Exerc., 32(7): 1214-1219, 2000.

Castell, L.M., Newsholme, E.A.  The relation between glutamine and the immunodepression observed in exercise.  Amino Acids, 20(1): 49-61, 2001.

Gleeson, M., Lancaster, G.I., Bishop, N.C.  Nutritional strategies to minimize exercise-induced immunosuppression in athletes. Can J Appl Physiol., 26 Suppl: S23-35, 2001.

Bassit, R.A., Sawada, L.A., Bacurau, R.F., et al.  Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and the immune response of long-distance athletes. Nutrition, 18(5): 376-9, 2002.

Castell, L. Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo, in exercise and in immunodepression. Sports Med., 33(5): 323-345, 2003.
Halson, S.L., Lancaster, G.I., Jeukendrup, A.E., Gleeson, M.  Immunological responses to overreaching in cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 35(5): 854-861, 2003.

Protect and Repair Muscle Tissue / Reduce Muscle Soreness / Speed Recovery
Varlet-Marie, E., Gaudard, A., Mercier, J., Bressolle, F., Brun, J-F. Is the feeling of heavy legs in overtrained athletes related to impaired hemorheology? Clin Hemor Micro., 28(3): 151-159, 2003.

Leklem, J.E., Hollenbeck, C.B. Acute ingestion of carbohydrate decreases plasma pyridoxal 5’-phosphate and total vitamin B-6 concentration. Am J Clin Nutr., 51: 832-836, 1990.

Reduce Inflammation and Soreness
Senturk, U.K., Yalcin, O., Gunduz, F., Kuru, O., Meiselman, H.J., Baskurt, O.K.  Effect of antioxidant vitamin treatment on the time course of hematological and hemorheological alterations after an exhausting exercise episode in human subjects. J Appl Physiol., 98: 1272-1279, 2005.

Boost VO2 Max / Increase Oxygen Carrying Capacity / Power
Ohtani, M., Maruyama, K., Sugita, M., Kobayashi, K.  Amino acid supplementation affects hematological and biochemical parameters in elite rugby players. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem., 65(9): 1970-1976, 2001.

Melnikov, A.A., Vikulov, A.D.  Relationship between electrolyte balance and hemorheological characteristics in athletes. Human Phys., 29(2): 170-177, 2003.

Oostenbrug, G.S., Mensink, R.P., Hardeman M.R., De Vries, T., Brouns, F., Hornstra, G.  Exercise performance, red blood cell deformability, and lipid peroxidation: effects of fish oil and vitamin e.  J Appl Physiol., 83(3): 746-752, 1997.

Gaudard, A., Varlet-Marie, E., Bressolle, F., Mercier, J., Brun, J-F.  Nutrition as a determinant of blood rheology and fibrinogen in athletes. Clin Hemor Micro., 30(1): 1-8, 2004.

Kleinbongard, P., Keymel, S., Kelm, M.  New functional aspects of the L-arginine oxide metabolism within the circulating blood. Thromb Haemost, 98(5): 970-974, 2007.

Williams, MH. Vitamin supplementation and athletic performance. Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl., 30: 163-191, 1989.

Jain, P., Jain, Pe., Tandon, H.C., Babbar, R. Effect of sodium citrate ingestion on oxygen debt and exercise endurance during supramaximal exercise. Indian J Med Res., 118(7): 42-46, 2003.

Koikawa, N., Nagaoka, I., Yamaguchi, M., Hamano, H., Yamaguchi, K., Sawaki, K.  Preventive effect of lactoferrin intake on anemia in female long distance runners. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem., 72: 70383(1-5), 2008.

Power / Work output
Hill, C.A., Harris, R.C., Kim, H.J., Harris, B.D., Sale, C., Bobis, L.H., Kim, C.K., Wise, J.A.  Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids, 32(2): 225-233, 2007.